Environmental challenges caused by pesticide overuse and untreated sewage remain a major obstacle for China in its modernization of agriculture and rural areas by 2050, according to a report released on July 25. The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' Rural Development Report 2018 focuses on agricultural development and the living conditions of residents in rural areas. Wei Houkai, director of the CASS Rural Development Institute, said environmental issues - including soil acidification - have degraded rural areas in recent years. Major problems have included the overuse of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and improper disposal of poultry excrement. The amount of chemical fertilizer used per hectare in China was 359 kilograms in 2016, the report said. That's 2.6 times the level in the United States, and 2.5 times the world average. The use of fertilizers and pesticides should be in line with the world standard if we want to realize comprehensive modernization, Wei said. There is still a long way to go. Many countries recognize 225 kilograms per hectare as the upper acceptable limit for fertilizer. China has intensified efforts to fight overuse of artificial fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture in recent years, and their use has declined since 2016, Liao Xiyuan, the chief for science, technology and education at the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said at a news conference on Thursday. Meanwhile, efficiency in the use of pesticides and fertilizers for major crops such as rice and wheat increased last year, which means less waste and environmental pollution, he said. The ministry will focus on other crops that require large amounts of fertilizer, such as fruits, vegetables and tea, to encourage the use of organic substitutes, Liao said. Poor sanitary conditions also need to be tackled in the process of modernizing rural areas, the report said. The latest agricultural census carried out in 2016 found that nearly 50 percent of rural households use traditional communal pit latrines without any form of flushing, and more than 80 percent of villages don't have proper sewage treatment. Progress has been made in sewage disposal, as the number of villages with treatment facilities has increased from 6 percent in 2010 to 20 percent in 2016, and households with toilets and modern sanitation facilities reached 80.3 percent in 2016, up 13 percent from 2010, the report said. However, it is still a pressing challenge to improve sanitary conditions in rural counties, Wei said. In urban areas, the disposal rate is about 5 percent higher. It's a problem tied to the imbalance of financial support for rural areas and agricultural development, which lags in infrastructure construction, Wei said. More capital should be channeled to rural areas to help improve sanitary conditions such as sewage disposal, the report said. Laws and regulations focused on environmental protection should also be enhanced to limit the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides, it said, adding that this would help solve environmental problems in these areas. wristbands canadacustom silicone bracelets canadarubber bracelets canadasilicone bracelets canadasilicone wristbands canadacustom wristbands canadacanadian wristbandswristbands canada
Astronaut Liu Boming attends the China Space Day celebration at the Harbin Institute of Technology on Tuesday in Harbin. Liu flew aboard the Shenzhou VII in 2008. [Su Dong/For China Daily] China's space authority said on Tuesday it plans to build a manned scientific research outpost on the moon. In a video displayed at a ceremony in Harbin, provincial capital of Heilongjiang, the China National Space Administration published the country's achievements and development road maps in the space sector, including a plan to construct and operate a scientific research station on the moon. The ceremony was held to mark the third China Space Day, April 24, the date in 1970 when China launched its first satellite. We believe that the Chinese nation's dream of residing in a 'lunar palace' will soon become a reality, the administration said in the video. The video envisions the lunar outpost having multiple tube cabins that interconnect and provide oxygen to people inside. One of the facility's major energy sources will be solar power, according to the video. The administration did not reveal a schedule for the construction and operation of the outpost. It added in the video that the country also plans to explore the two lunar poles. This is the first time that China has made public a plan to have a manned lunar outpost. In November, administration officials said at an international space forum in Shanghai that China is conducting a feasibility study for a robotic outpost on the lunar surface to conduct scientific research and technological experiments. Wang Liheng, a senior space scientist and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, told China Daily it has become the consensus among Chinese space researchers that a manned lunar station is necessary so scientists can deepen their lunar research and explore ways for the exploitation of lunar resources. Such a facility will also help to accumulate experience that can be used for manned missions to Mars, he said. The first step, our researchers suggest, will be sending our astronauts to the moon to perform short-term explorations, said Wang, referring to a manned lunar program, which has been called for by Chinese scientists for a long time. China started sending robotic probes to the moon in 2007 and has carried out several lunar missions since then. It landed the Chang'e 3 probe, which carried the first Chinese lunar rover, on the moon in December 2013. Pei Zhaoyu, deputy director of the National Space Administration's Lunar Exploration and Space Program Center, told those at Tuesday's ceremony that the Chang'e 4 probe will be launched before the end of this year and will land on the far side of the moon. Before it, a relay satellite named Queqiao, a legendary bridge in the Milky Way, will be launched in May. Tidal forces on Earth slow the moon's rotation to the point where the same side always faces Earth. The other face, most of which is never visible from Earth, is the far side of the moon. Bao Weimin, head of science and technology at China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp and academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said the probe will land on the Aitken Basin of the south lunar pole and will explore the sphere's early history. The mission will enable us to discover what we haven't known about the moon. Moreover, we can take advantage of the far side's shield against Earth's interference to make clearer observation into the deep space, he said. In addition to Chinese equipment, Chang'e 4 also will carry scientific payloads developed by the Netherlands, Sweden, Germany and Saudi Arabia, according to Pei.
